VOL 4, NO. 9 31 AUGUST 2001
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IN THIS ISSUE.....
CANADIAN GOVERNMENT RELEASES REPORT
DOCUMENTING POLLUTION FROM SALMON FARMS,
CALLS FOR PROSECUTION AND FINES. SEE 4:09/01.
KLAMATH IRRIGATORS TURN TO INTIMIDATION TACTICS.
SEE 4:09/04.
HIGHER LEVELS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS FOUND IN
NORTHWEST SALMON RUNS. SEE 4:09/07.
NMFS ANNOUNCES INTENT TO NEGOTIATE SOLE SOURCE
CONTRACT FOR STUDY OF SEA LIONS. SEE 4:09/10.
GROUNDFISH FLEET REDUCTION PROJECT ANNOUNCED BY
PMCC AND ECOTRUST. SEE 4:09/12.
AND MORE.....
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4:09/01. CANADIAN GOVERNMENT RELEASES REPORT
DOCUMENTING POLLUTION FROM SALMON FARMS,
PROMPTING CALLS FOR PROSECUTIONS AND FINES: The
Canadian Ministry of Water, Land & Air Protection has released a
report documenting that 47 percent of all salmon aquaculture sites in
Canada had potential or probable impacts to marine life on the seabed.
Most of these sites showed high levels of hydrogen sulfide from excess
organic loading from salmon feces and waste fish feed, according to the
report titled "Preliminary Review of Chemical and Physical Data for
Y2000 Interim Monitoring Program." Hydrogen sulfide is toxic for
many marine species at these levels. 44 out of 94 salmon farm sites
sampled had toxic levels of hydrogen sulfide. Most of these had highly
negative oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and some had elevated
zinc and copper levels. At four of these sites waste feed, feedbags and
other debris were found littering the seabed.
Following the release of the report, the T. Buck Suzuki
Environmental Foundation called for prosecutions and fines for the
polluting salmon farms. Both levels of government should act on this
report and prosecute the worst offenders, said the Foundation's
Executive Director David Lane. "Salmon feces and waste feed have
been smothering the seabed for years at many salmon farm sites, in clear
violation of the federal Fisheries Act," said Lane. "It is time to see some
prosecutions and stiff fines to make sure this industry cleans up its act."
For more information, contact the Suzuki Foundation at: (604)
255-8819. For a copy of the Canadian report, go to:
http://www.elp.gov.bc.ca/vir/region_reports.htm.
4:09/02. TOP CHILEAN FISHERY OFFICIAL OUT FOLLOWING
CHARGES OF CORRUPTION REGARDING INTERESTS IN
SALMON FARMS: Ecoceanos News reported 30 August that Chilean
Sub-Secretary of Fisheries Daniel Albarran has resigned following
accusations of corruption and illegal enrichment presented to the
General Comptroller of the Republic. The accusations charged Albarran
with financial participation in salmon farming industries and granting of
aquaculture concessions. The General Comptroller of the Republic has
said it will continue to investigate the accusations made by Centro
Ecoceanos, the Confederation of Artisanal Fishermen (CONAPACH)
and the Ecologist Coordination Center. Albarran has been under
investigation by the General Comptroller since November 2000, after
Chilean citizen and artisanal fishermen organizations - also members of
the "Parliament of the Sea" - presented information regarding the
participation of Albarran in the salmon farming company Antarfish/
Aguas Claras, ranked the 21st largest salmon company worldwide, and
receiving five government aquaculture concessions worth one thousand
million Chilean pesos ($1.5 million U.S.).
During his 17 months in charge, Albarran promoted the creation of
fishery privatizations through the implementation of an Individual
Fishing Quotas System as part of Transitory Law of Fishery;
environmental and labor deregulation in the fishery and aquaculture
sector, accelerated granting of salmon farming concessions and
expansion of the salmon industry towards pristine regions of Chilo‚,
Aysen and Magellan in southern Chile. These measures where strongly
rejected by environmental and artisanal fishermen's organizations.
In the case of the Transitory Law of Fishery, Albarran granted 80
percent of the fishing quotas for common hake to large industrial
corporations, while the artisanal fishermen - who generate almost three
times the labor - received 20 percent. In the case of aquaculture, the
salmon farming companies are actually occupying many coastal and
marine areas of Chiloe and Aysen archipelagos, but not assuming any
responsibility for organic and chemical pollution; death, wounding and
harassment of mammal and bird populations due to shootings and net
entanglements; introduction of exotic diseases and interactions between
wild fish and escaped salmon (exotic species); losses in quality of access
for shore users from odors and visual pollution and the social impacts
they have generated over coastal and traditional communities, according
to the accusations.
Cosme Caracciolo, president of the 42 thousand artisanal fishing
members of CONAPACH, said that "the resignation of Albarran must
set in motion a strict investigation regarding the management of the
fishing resources of Chile, the administration of the Fishery
Sub-Secretariat since the military government and also the relations and
great influence that the industrial sector has in the decisions taken by
this public department". Caracciolo affirmed that all the actions, laws
and measures that Daniel Albarran implemented while working as
Sub-Secretary "are seriously questioned because he, his companies and
the great fishery and aquaculture industrials, were benefitted by them".
For more information, go to: http://www.parlamentodelmar.cl/.
4:09/03. 2001 NORTHWEST SALMON PRODUCTION LINKED
TO WEATHER SHIFT: In a 30 August Associated Press story in the
Salem Statesman-Journal, a team of biologists and atmospheric
scientists say the low pressure system that sits off Kodiak Island every
winter had been pushing nutrient-rich water north toward Alaska and
away from Oregon and Washington. This weather pattern known as the
"Aleutian Low" likely played a large role in the record return of coho
and chinook salmon to the Pacific Northwest this year, according to
these researchers. They noted that, from 1977 to 1998, the Aleutian Low
was larger and more intense than it had been since the mid-1940s. But in
the winter of 1999, the pressure system suddenly shifted west to
Kamchatka, and ocean conditions changed almost overnight in the
Pacific Northwest. Different kinds of zooplankton - tiny sea plants and
animals - appeared off the Oregon and Washington coasts, shifting the
food chain in favor of salmon. To see the article, go to:
http://news.statesmanjournal.com/article.cfm?i=29002.
4:09/04. KLAMATH IRRIGATORS TURN TO INTIMIDATION
TACTICS: "The mother of all frivolous lawsuits," is the description
given by PCFFA Executive Director Zeke Grader to a class action
lawsuit filed 29 August in Siskiyou County Superior Court (Yreka,
California) by a Walnut Creek, California lawyer on behalf of Upper
Klamath Basin landowners against every organization that has ever been
party, including PCFFA, to any recent lawsuit seeking upper basin water
reforms or asking that the Bureau of Reclamation follow the law. The
suit seeks damages for recent water cutbacks, even though most were
drought related. The complaint also alleges that lake fish and coho
salmon are not really endangered or threatened with extinction (in spite
of all being formally listed under the federal Endangered Species Act)
and that saying that they were endangered is part of some vast
conspiracy to deprive farmers of their land ("rural cleansing"). This
action is what is called a SLAPP suit (for "strategic lawsuit against
public participation") whose sole purpose is to stifle, harass and
intimidate opponents who speak out on public issues or against
development. Todd True, an attorney with Earthjustice Legal Defense
Fund said the suit appeared to be "a recycling of claims that were made
in litigation by the irrigators in federal court in Eugene....And the court,
as it should have, rejected the claims there.." However, the filing of
frivolous lawsuits can backfire, and those who bring such suits can wind
up having to pay all costs and legal fees of those they attack plus
additional fines. Filing frivolous lawsuits is also a violation of attorney
professional ethics codes and can result in disciplinary action against the
lawyers who bring them.
Most Klamath Project farms are far from drying up. To date this year,
according to a Bureau of Reclamation report to a federal task force in
Yreka, California on 29 August, Klamath Project irrigators have
received over 195,000 acre-feet of water directly from the Bureau. At
least an additional 50,000 acre-feet has also been received from the
more than 100 emergency wells drilled in Oregon and California, for a
total of about 245,000 acre-feet, or considerably over half of a normal
water year's allotment in spite of the record drought. Additionally the
majority of farms in the Upper Basin have never been on the federal
project's subsidized water system, but have long had their own wells or
sources of water, and are fully watered even this year. For more
information see: www.pcffa.org/klamath.
Also see the 29 August Oregonian Klamath Basin question and answer
fact sheet at: http://www.oregonlive.com/printer/printer.ssf?/xml/
story.ssf/html_standard.xsl?/base/news/99908617217192308.xml.
In another action aimed at intimidating those seeking water reforms
and protection for the fish and the salmon fishery, Klamath Basin
irrigators and their anti-government allies are attempting to block the
Oregon Natural Resources Council (ONRC), one of the plaintiffs in the
Klamath litigation, from receiving a small grant from the City of
Portland to implement energy conservation and storm-water runoff
reduction renovations at its recently purchased Portland office property.
According to the 30 August Oregonian, the Klamath County Board of
Commissioners has written Portland Mayor Vera Katz a strongly
worded letter demanding that the grant be rescinded and asserting that
providing funds to ONRC shows an 'utter disregard' for the farmers in
the Klamath Basin. ONRC has long been a critic of Bureau of
Reclamation water policies and water over-allocation in the Klamath
Irrigation Project, and is the lead plaintiff in a recent lawsuit to restore
some of that water to the National Wildlife Refuges that the Bureau of
Reclamation frequently allows to dry up. Multnomah County
Commissioner Dan Saltzman, who oversees the grant program, said
these grants are for energy conservation and to reduce pollution into the
Willamette, not for any political purposes, and should not be pulled for
political reasons.
4:09/05. KLAMATH IRRIGATORS SUED BY MUNICIPALITY
FOR POLLUTING DRINKING WATER: The small town of Bonanza,
Oregon, in the Upper Klamath Basin, has voted to sue surrounding
irrigation districts over the impact farm-based water pollution is having
on their town water supply, which is now so polluted by nearby farms
that it had to be shut down, according to a 29 August report in the
Oregonian. Irrigation activities by some farmers in the Basin have
jeopardized fish and wildlife populations, including
commercially-valuable salmon runs in the Klamath River, but this
lawsuit alleges the waste water from the irrigation is jeopardizing human
drinking water. To see the article go to: http://www.oregonlive.com/
printer/printer.ssf?/xml/story.ssf/html_standard.xsl?/base/front_page/
99908613317192122.xml.
4:09/06. WALLA WALLA WATER CONFLICTS OVER FISH
PROTECTION BEING SETTLED AMICABLY: A 25 August article
in the Spokane Spokesman Review titled 'Calmer Waters Run Deeper,'
reports that water conflicts over the Walla Walla River in Washington
show a very different story from the contentious Klamath Basin. There
irrigators early on acknowledged the problems caused by their annually
dewatering the Walla Walla River and stranding thousands of
endangered Columbia River chinook salmon and bull trout, and began
working proactively with fishing groups and environmentalists to put
more water back in the river for fish. It's produced some unlikely
alliances, as well as improved conditions for fish every year. And for
the first time in memory, a few baby chinook salmon are swimming in
Walla Walla River tributaries where their parents were planted last year
by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. "This is
probably the first time in over 70 years that the river has had continuous
flow from Milton-Freewater downstream," said Chris Hyland of the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers. For the full story see the article at:
http://www.spokesmanreview.com/news-story.asp?date=082501&ID=s1
013077.
4:09/07. HIGHER LEVELS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS FOUND IN
NORTHWEST SALMON RUNS: The National Marine Fisheries
Service (NMFS), completing three years of targeted testing of salmon in
the Northwest, has found PCB and DDT chemical contaminant levels in
some salmon, including hatchery fish, in sufficient amounts to cause
harm to fish health, according to a report in the 31 August Oregonian.
Both PCBs and DDT have been banned in the U.S. for many years but
remain persistent in the food chain, and though some traces of these
chemicals are not surprising, what was a surprise is that the contaminant
levels observed in some fish could, in some cases, be sufficient to affect
long-term salmon survival. Most surprising are high levels in some
hatchery fish, possibly from pervasive contamination in many juvenile
fish foods supplied by hatchery managers. For more see:
http://www.oregonlive.com/printer/printer.ssf?/xml/story.ssf/html_stand
ard.xsl?/base/front_page/.
PCFFA is part of a lawsuit against the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) asking the EPA to consult with NMFS on the impact of
many common pesticides on ESA-listed salmon and to take steps to
reduce those impacts (see Sublegals 3:05/02). Many common pesticides
have been implicated as potentially killing salmon, even in dosages
much smaller than those set as pollution standards for those
contaminants. See the report "Diminishing Returns: Salmon Decline and
Pesticides," available at: www.pond.net/~fish1ifr/salpest.htm.
4:09/08. SUIT FILED TO STOP PESTICIDE SPRAYING IN
SACRAMENTO-SAN JOAQUIN DELTA: On 29 August,
Delta-Keeper, and the San Francisco-based BayKeeper, filed suit in
Alameda County (California) Superior Court challenging the legality of
a state permit that allowing public and private groups to spray toxic
pesticides in waterways for aquatic pests and plants, such as the invasive
water hyacinth that has clogged much of the Delta, reports the 30
August San Joaquin Record. The Delta is the passageway from the
Sacramento River to the Pacific Ocean, where the largest population of
fall-run Chinook salmon along the Pacific Coast is found. The lawsuit,
which does not apply to mosquito abatement programs, challenges an
emergency permit issued by the California State Water Resources
Control Board (SWRCB) in July. That blanket permit was approved
even after a federal appeals court ruled that a permit was needed before
anyone could spray pesticides directly into streams or lakes. The permit
approved by the state is designed to expire in 2004, when officials are
expected to approve a permanent rule. The plaintiffs, however, say the
emergency permit was created under a non-emergency situation and
allows continued pesticide use with no regard to waterways that are
already polluted.
4:09/09. LOW-FREQUENCY RADIO WAVES MAY REPLACE
CHEMICALS FOR CONTROLLING INVASIVE ZEBRA MUSSELS:
In a 28 August Associated Press article, it was reported that
low-frequency radio waves may be used someday instead of chemicals
to control zebra mussels, an aquatic invasive species that causes millions
of dollars in damage by clogging water intake pipes at power plants and
other installations in the Great Lakes, and may damage aquatic
ecosytems as well. Zebra mussels in an aquarium that were exposed to
very low-frequency electromagnetic waves - around 60 hertz, or similar
to what is emitted by a power outlet - died within 40 days, according to
a study conducted by undergraduate students at Purdue
University-Calumet in Hammond, Indiana, and presented Tuesday at an
American Chemical Society meeting in Chicago. Chemicals such as
chlorine and bromine have been used to kill the mussels. The irradiation
appeared to cause zebra mussels to lose large amounts of calcium -
essential for shell health and muscle control - as well as sodium and
potassium. Only 10 percent of unexposed mussels in another tank died
after 40 days. During experiments, fish collected from the same waters
and put in the same tank as the mussels survived. Native clams did not
die until being exposed for 90 days.
4:09/10. NMFS ANNOUNCES INTENT TO NEGOTIATE SOLE
SOURCE CONTRACT FOR STUDY OF SEA LIONS: The National
Marine Fisheries Service has announced its Notice of Intent to negotiate
a sole source contract with San Jose State University Foundation to
conduct studies to assess how California sea lions detect the presence of
hook-caught salmon and identify possible methods to reduce
interactions. A similar pinniped study was conducted by a San Jose State
researcher in the Monterey Bay region in 1997 and 1998, who has
investigated the foraging ecology of California sea lions and harbor
seals by conducting onboard investigations on the commercial and
recreational troll fishery. The proposed contract expands upon the 1997
and 1998 studies. This is a simplified acquisition contract with an
estimated value of less than $100,000 (W-236 SN50V952), according to
NMFS. Questions concerning the proposed acquisition may be directed
to Randall Brown at (206) 526-6226.
4:09/11. EXEMPTED FISHING PERMIT (EFP) SOUGHT FOR
CHILI PEPPER LANDINGS IN EXCESS OF GROUNDFISH TRIP
LIMIT: In the 30 August Federal Register (Vol. 66, No. 169,
pp.45833-45834), the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
published notice of receipt of an application for an exempted fishing
permit and its request for comments on an application for an EFP from
the California Department of Fish & Game (CDFG). The EFP
application applies to vessels with valid California state delivery permits
fishing for chili pepper rockfish with small footrope trawl gear south of
40 deg.10' N. lat. If awarded, the EFP would allow this federally
managed groundfish species to be landed in excess of cumulative trip
limits and a portion of the chili pepper rockfish caught to be sold for
profit, providing the vessels carry state-sponsored observers. Observers
would collect data that are otherwise not available. According to NMFS,
the EFP proposal is intended to promote the objectives of the Pacific
Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP) by providing data
that can be used to enhance management of the groundfish fishery.
Comments must be received by 1 October; questions or comments
should be directed to: Becky Renko, Northwest Region, NMFS, 7600
Sand Point Way N.E., Bldg. 1, Seattle, WA 98115-0070; Tel: (206)
526-6140.
4:09/12. GROUNDFISH FLEET REDUCTION PROJECT
ANNOUNCED BY PMCC AND ECOTRUST: The Pacific Marine
Conservation Council (PMCC) and Ecotrust have announced a joint
initiative to gather and analyze date for use by the Pacific Fishery
Management Council (PFMC) in their efforts to reduce the size and
harvest capacity of the Pacific Coast groundfish fleet.
Called the Groundfish Fleet Reduction Information & Analysis
Project (GFR) it will involve data collection on a port-by-port basis
throughout California, Oregon and Washington. Intended to be
completely transparent, it will involve members of the fishing
community in developing useful guidelines and tools for groundfish
fleet reduction. Astrid Scholz, with PMCC, will be the Primary
Investigator for the GFR project. For more information on GFR, go to:
4:09/13. TRAWL COMMISSION AND GROUNDFISH TEAM
MEETINGS: The Oregon Trawl Commission will meet 7 September in
Astoria, Oregon. On the meeting agenda is the Pacific Groundfish
Conservation Trust and the At-Sea Data Project. Also scheduled on the
agenda are groundfish promotional items and a discussion of the United
Nations' Food & Agriculture Organization's (FAO) Responsible Fishing
Program. For more information, contact the Commission at: (503)
325-3384.
Later in the month, the Pacific Fishery Management Council's
(PFMC) Groundfish Management Team will meet at NMFS Southwest
Fisheries Center Santa Cruz Laboratory to prepare final
recommendations regarding groundfish harvest levels and management
options for the 2002 season. This public meeting will be held 24-28
September. For more information, contact the PFMC at: (503) 326-632
or visit its website at: www.pcouncil.org.
4:09/14. NMFS PROPOSES SOLE SOURCE CONTRACT WITH
FAO TO PREPARE STATUS & TRENDS DOCUMENT: The
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has announced it intends to
contract with the Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United
Nations, Fisheries Department, Rome, Italy, to provide support for
planning the 2002 International Technical Consultation on Status and
Trends of Fisheries for NMFS Woods Hole laboratory. The FAO will
deliver a report of the workshop planning meeting; deliver
documentation of agenda and meeting arrangements for the Technical
Consultation, and; deliver a report of the Technical Consultation.
Authority: 41 USC 253(c)(1). According to NMFS, the FAO is the only
known source capable of performing the required work. The proposed
contract action is for supplies or services for which the Government
intends to solicit and negotiate with only one source under authority of
FAR 6.302. Interested persons may identify their interest and capability
to respond to the requirement or submit proposals. A determination by
the Government not to compete this proposed requirement based upon
responses to this notice is solely within the discretion of the government.
Information received will normally be considered solely for the purpose
of determining whether to conduct a competitive procurement. Evidence
must be provided of ability to perform the required work. Copies of the
solicitation will only be provided in response to written or faxed
requests received directly from the requestor. Telephone requests will
not be honored. Request for copies of the solicitation may be faxed to
(757) 441-3786. Notes 22 and 26 apply. (Visit this URL for the latest
information about this notice: http://www.eps.gov/spg/DOC/
NOAA/EASC/RFQ-EASC-2001-11021/listing.html) (Notice D-233
SN50V5B6). For more information, contact: Linda Jacobs, Contract
Specialist, at: linda.l.jacobs at noaa.gov.
4:09/15. COLUMBIA CRAB BOAT AND CREW LOST,
DREDGING BLAMED: The F/V Miss Brittany, a 45-foot wooden
hulled crab boat, capsized 7 August in the Columbia River estuary, with
two deckhands still missing and presumed drowned. Fishermen blame
wave amplification caused by years of dumping dredge spoils near the
site as contributing to the boat's capsizing. Dumped dredge spoils move
around in river currents and mound up, reducing the area that a given
incoming ocean wave volume must then traverse, causing swells to rise
much higher than normally would occur. According to fishermen,
several boats have capsized in the lower Columbia in recent years as a
result of wave amplification, and they believe even more dumping, as
planned under the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) Columbia
Channel Deepening proposal (see Sublegals 4:04/12; 2:14/08; 2:5/08;
2:1/15), would create additional similar safety problems. The Corps
denies that wave amplification had anything to do with the capsizing,
but since the accident has removed thousands of tons of dredged
material near the site to reduce mounding. In a 29 August letter to the
Corps, all four Senators from Oregon and Washington as well as
Representatives Brian Baird and David Wu formally requested a full
investigation and report. For more, see: the 30 August Oregonian at:
http://www.oregonlive.com/news/oregonian/index.ssf?/xml/story.ssf/
html_standard.xsl?/base/front_page/9987405608903267.xml.
4:09/16. NEW ORGEON FISH & WILDLIFE DIRECTOR
NAMED: Oregon's Fish & Wildlife Commissioners have officially
named Lindsay Ball the new Interim Director of the Oregon Department
of Fish & Wildlife (ODFW).
Ball, on loan from Oregon State Police, took over the helm at ODFW
temporarily on 16 February after the Oregon Legislature forced James
Greer to resign. The Commission cast a unanimous vote for Ball, but his
appointment must still be confirmed by the state Senate under a new law
passed this year. The Legislature has grown more hostile to the
Department over the last several years, particularly over enforcement,
and the new appointment process it passed has been criticized as likely
to make the Director's position more politicized and the Department
itself more captive to the Legislative majority. Ball will oversee the
Department's move from Portland to Salem, which was also ordered by
the Legislature this year. Before taking the interim position at ODFW,
Ball had been Director of the Fish & Wildlife Enforcement Division for
the Oregon State Police since 1993. For more information, see the
Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife website at:
http://www.dfw.state.or.us.
4:09/17. NORTHWEST WETLANDS RESTORATION A
FAILURE: Only 17 percent of wetlands restoration or mitigation
projects in the Northwest are actually restoring lost wetlands to full
ecological function, and the region is still losing wetlands at an alarming
rate, say a number of recent studies. A report in the 25 August
Oregonian paints a bleak picture of wetlands mitigation and restoration
efforts generally, and outlines a number of studies showing that
continued erosion of the Northwest's ecologically important wetlands is
continuing. Wetlands provide wildlife habitat as well as natural
pollutant filtration functions to keep water clean, and also important
natural water storage systems to buffer the effects of drought.
Washington State has lost 38 percent of its wetlands, Oregon has lost 31
percent and California has lost a whopping 91 percent of its wetlands
according to recent studies. Coastal wetlands losses, important for
salmon production, are much greater, and the Upper Klamath Basin has
lost 79 percent of its historic wetlands land base. For more information
see: http://www.oregonlive.com/news/oregonian/index.ssf?/xml/
story.ssf/html_standard.xsl?/base/ front_page/ 9987405608903267.xml.
4:09/18. CORRECTION ON COMMISSION ACTION ON
CHANNEL ISLANDS MPAS: In the last issue of Sublegals (4:08/11), it
was reported that the California Fish & Game Commission put over its
decision on selection of sites for marine protected areas (MPAs) for the
Channel Islands. That report was incorrect. Reader Mike Webber
corrects it as follows: "The Commission didn't really "put over" the
decision. The only affirmative action that the Commission could take at
its meeting last week was to tell the Department to prepare a regulatory
package. The Commission did ask the Department to do so and to
include other alternatives in the regulatory package, including the
proposal presented by Chris Miller. Once the Department submits a
regulatory package, probably in October or November, the Commission
can begin the formal consideration of reserves at the Channel Islands.
This formal consideration will include public hearings and testimony on
all the alternatives contained in the regulatory package. It is unlikely,
given the regulatory schedule and the end-of-the-year holidays, that the
Commission will make a final decision on the Channel Islands until
February 2002." Thanks, Mike.
NEWS, COMMENTS, CORRECTIONS: Submit your news items,
comments or any corrections to Natasha Benjamin, Editor at:
ifrfish at pacbell.net or call the IFR office with the news and a source at
either: (415) 561-FISH (Southwest Office) or (541) 689-2000
(Northwest Office).
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dean at staff.ca
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