CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE SUMMARY OF FISHERIES
NEWS FOR AUGUST, 1996
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BUT FIRST -- QUOTABLE QUOTES:
"...Words are a form of action, capable of influencing change.
Their articulation represents a complete, lived experience."
-- Ingrid Bengis
[The Republican] party is out of sync with mainstream American
opinion. By greater than a 2-to-1 ration, voters have more confidence
in the Democrats than Republicans as the party they trust most to protect the
environment. Most disturbing is that 55 percent of Republicans do not
trust their own party when it comes to protecting the environment, while
72 percent of the Democrats do trust their party.
--Linda DiVall, Republican pollster, on the GOP's environmental
stance (The Oregonian, Friday, January 26, 1996. Page A15).
``I heard one colleague say that some people were running away from the
Contract with America like scalded cats,'' said Rep. Matt Salmon, a freshman
Republican from Arizona.... "Republicans and conservatives have been
following
a suicidal strategy for the last year,'' Donald Devine, a director of The
American
Conservative Union and a senior consultant to the presidential campaign of
Sen.
Bob Dole, said last week at the Conservative Political Action Conference in
Washington. ``We tried to run the government from Congress.... "We have lost
our way and we need to get it back again,'' said Salmon, the freshman from
Arizona. ``I think that the public got a taste of what our revolution was all
about
during the first 100 days, but during the budget scuffle everything sort of
went
up in smoke.''
-- Quoted in New York Time article on GOP regrouping on
its revised environmental agenda in Congress, 2/25/96.
``We don't want to put our members out there one more time taking a vote that
the environmental extremists can twist and turn in campaign ads,'' House Whip
Tom DeLay, R-Texas, the No. 3 House GOP leader, told reporters in explaining
why the sweeping regulatory review bill (H.R. 994) was dropped from full
House vote just hours before the scheduled vote.
"Contrary to populist mythology, American democracy is not suffering because
too few citizens choose to vote. It is suffering because too many citizens
are ignorant boobs."
-- Jeff Jacoby, columnist for the Boston Globe in a
recent article on Oregon's system of voting by mail.
"But ask the animals, and they will teach you, or the birds of
the air, and they will tell you; or speak to the earth, and it
will teach you..." -- Job 12:7-8
"Accuse not nature, she hath done her part; do thou thine." -- Milton
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CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE SUMMARY OF FISHERIES
NEWS FOR AUGUST, 1996
>From the Editor: The Congressional Research Service provides members of
Congress with summaries of all significant news stories or news items about
fishing and marine resources. These excellent summaries are produced by
CRS's Senior Analyst Gene Buck weekly and then compiled into monthly
summaries. Here are the most recent summaries of the previous month's news
items. These monthly summaries will be carried as a regular feature of
this newsletter. We regret any cross postings.
Archived copies of the longer monthly summaries for
February 1994 through the present are now available at
"http://www.lsu.edu/guests/sglegal/public_html/" . Comments or
corrections should be addressed to:
Gene Buck, Senior Analyst
Congressional Research Service
Library of Congress
Washington, DC 20540-7450
e-mail: <gbuck at crs.loc.gov>
Mr. Buck also makes the following request: "To further assist me in providing
a
broad scope of information resources to Congress, I would appreciate being
added
to any mailing lists of publications, news releases, newsletters, etc.
relevant to
marine mammals and fisheries. Where there is a subscription cost, a sample
copy
would provide a basis for deciding whether or not a subscription could be
justified.
Thanks for your assistance in this matter."
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SALMON ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST
.
Steelhead ESA Listing. On July 25, 1996, Secretary of the Interior
Babbitt announced that on July 30, 1996 the federal government will
recommend that several west coast steelhead trout populations be added to
the Endangered Species List, decisions on several additional populations will
be deferred, and listing will be denied to several populations. A total of
15
populations were studied for possible protection. On July 30, 1996, NMFS
announced that it was proposing that 5 Pacific coast steelhead trout
populations be listed as endangered (central and southern CA and upper
Columbia River, WA) and 5 populations be listed as threatened (northern CA,
coastal OR, and Snake River, ID), and that listing of four populations is not
warranted (coastal WA and Willamette River, WA). The middle Columbia
River population will be considered a candidate for further study. [Assoc
Press, NMFS press release]
.
USDA Salmon Purchases. On July 25, 1996, the Administrator of the
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service announced that
USDA would purchase as much as $14 million in pink salmon products from
the 1995 and 1996 harvests for school lunch and other feeding programs. $10
million will be spent for canned pink salmon with as much as $4 million for
pink salmon nuggets and pink salmon in 4-pound pouches. Bids for purchase
would be solicited from salmon processors beginning Aug. 12, 1996. [Assoc
Press]
.
Floatboat Regulations Upheld. In late July 1996, the Deputy
Regional Forester of the Intermountain Region, Clair Beasley, upheld changes
in regulations announced in May 1996 for floatboats on the Salmon River, with
minor modifications to consult with floatboat permit holders to set permit
standards and consequences for permit violations. Beasley eliminated a
provision whereby permitees could lose permit rights permanently. [Assoc
Press]
.
Salmon Recovery Plan Injunction. On July 23, 1996, representatives
of the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund announced that a limited agreement
had been negotiated with the Clinton Administration to spill more water for
salmon at Snake and Columbia River dams this summer. As a result of the
agreement, the June 12, 1996 request by 10 environmental groups for a
preliminary injunction was dropped. [Assoc Press]
.
Bristol Bay Salmon Price-Fixing Suit. On July 23, 1996, a plaintiffs'
motion was filed in Alaska Superior Court asking Judge Larry to approve
settlements in part of this case with nine defendants totalling an estimated
$425,000, on the condition that the pending lawsuit is certified as a class
action. Plaintiffs had filed a $720 million lawsuit alleging price-fixing by
Bristol
Bay sockeye salmon processors and several major Japanese firms.
Additional settlements are anticipated. [Assoc Press]
.
Snake River Basin Water Release Plans. On July 17, 1996, a
regional committee approved an agreement between states, tribes, and federal
agencies for summer 1996 water releases in the Snake River basin. The
agreement provides that Dworshak Reservoir will drop only 20 feet by
mid-August, with needed water coming from a 35-foot drop at Brownlee
Reservoir. Warmer Brownlee water will be released first with colder Dworshak
water to be used later. Dworshak Reservoir would be lowered to between 55
and 60 feet below full by the end of August, with an additional 20 foot drop
scheduled for September. In mid-July 1996, Payette River, ID, water users
reached agreement on managing water releases from Cascade Reservoir. To
assist salmon, 72,500 acre-feet will be released annually during July and
August, with the remaining 72,500 acre-feet to be released in winter. [Assoc
Press]
.
Elwha Dam Removal. On July 16, 1996, the Senate Committee on
Appropriations ordered H.R. 3662 (FY1997 Dept. of Interior appropriations)
reported, with Sec. 115 containing an amendment to P.L. 102-495 (Elwha
River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act) permitting the State of
Washington to purchase Elwha Dam and Glines Dam after these dams are
acquired by the federal government and thereafter repealing P.L. 102-495.
The
State of Washington would then assume responsibility for removal of both
dams. [Greenwire, personal communication]
.
Salmon Recovery Funding. On July 16, 1996, the Senate Committee
on Appropriations ordered S. 1959 (FY1997 appropriations for energy and
water development) reported, with language in Title V directing the Northwest
Power Planning Council to appoint a five-member Independent Scientific
Review Panel that would review and recommend Bonneville Power
Administration funding awards for Columbia River basin salmon restoration
projects. Panel members are to be nominated by the National Academy of
Sciences. [Assoc Press, personal communication]
.
Record Skeena River Sockeye Return. In mid-July 1996, Canada's
Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans reported a record return of 2 million more
sockeye salmon than the 3-4 million anticipated in British Columbia's Skeena
River. [Assoc Press]
.
Lower Return of Bristol Bay Sockeye Salmon. In mid-July 1996,
Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game managers revised estimates to recognize that
the Kvichak-Lake Iliamna drainage would likely receive only about 1.5 million
of a predicted 4 million sockeye salmon return. The June 1996 fishery on
sockeye salmon moving through False Pass in the Aleutians was so low that
many eastern Aleutian villages are facing financial problems. Fish sales and
raw fish tax revenues are expected to be only about $15,000 this year in
False
Pass, compared to $100,000 last year. [Assoc Press]
.
Fertilizer Spill Penalty Use. On July 11, 1996, Idaho Governor Batt
approved use of $24,000 in mitigation funds derived from a state suit against
a
trucking company for a Dec. 1987 accident when a tractor-trailer carrying red
fertilizer dumped chemicals into the Little Salmon River, killing all fish
for
miles. Funded projects, to be conducted by local Soil Conservation Districts
and a chapter of Trout Unlimited, will improve salmon and steelhead trout
habitat on private property along the Little Salmon River. [Assoc Press]
.
British Columbia Salmon Fleet Restructuring. On July 11, 1996,
the BC government released a study projecting that the jobs of 2,200 salmon
fishers are a risk from the DFO's West Coast commercial salmon fleet
restructuring proposal. In addition, the study estimated that the jobs of
6,200
fishers, shoreworkers, and sport fish industry workers are threatened by this
year's poor fishing season. On July 15, 1996, Canada's Dept. of Fisheries
and
Oceans signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the British Columbia
government recognizing an agreement to review their respective roles and
responsibilities in managing the Pacific salmon fishery. This review is to
be
concluded by February 1997. [Assoc Press, personal communication]
.
Salmon Processing Labor Shortage. On July 10, 1996, the Alaska
Labor Dept. issued a call for additional seasonal laborers for Alaska seafood
processing plants to process unexpectedly large quantities of salmon. As
many as 500 temporary workers are needed, primarily in the Anchorage,
Kenai, Valdez, Petersburg, and Bethel areas. [Assoc Press]
.
Lake Washington Sport Sockeye Fishery. On July 13, 1996, a 3-day
sport fishery for sockeye salmon will open on Lake Washington, near Seattle,
WA. This is the first opening of this fishery since 1988, in response to an
estimated return of about 450,000 fish to the Cedar River drainage. An
estimated harvest of 100,000 fish is to be evenly divided between sport
anglers
and Indian treaty harvesters. [Assoc Press, WA Dept. of Fish and Game
press release]
.
Mitchell Act Hearing. The House Resource Committee's
Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, and Oceans has indefinitely postponed
an oversight hearing on Mitchell Act hatcheries in the Columbia River basin,
which had been tentatively scheduled for July 16, 1996. [personal
communication]
.
Record Alaska Chum Salmon Catch. In early July 1996, Alaska
biologists reported that southeast Alaska chum salmon catch may be twice
as large as the 10 million fish originally estimated. Hatchery programs
contributed substantially to the increased chum salmon abundance, and the
abundance has depressed prices paid to fishermen. In mid-July 1996, the
sport catch limit for chum salmon was doubled in some portions of southeast
Alaska. At least one southeast Alaska hatchery began controversial
roe-stripping chum salmon, taking eggs but dumping about 500,000 salmon
carcasses. The price of chum salmon has fallen to as low as $.05 per pound
and all the excess fish cannot be given away. Other hatcheries have applied
to the State of Alaska for dumping permits. On July 30, 1996, Earth (an
Anchorage, Alaska emergency food assistance group) filed suit with the
Alaska Supreme Court seeking to halt roe stripping from chum and pink
salmon and dumping of salmon carcasses by Alaska salmon hatcheries.
Earth charges that the Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game did not have the
authority to exempt hatcheries from Alaska's salmon waste law; Earth would
like to see salmon carcasses shipped to food banks. [Assoc Press]
.
Salmon Price-Fixing Suit. On July 12, 1996, Alaska Superior Court
Judge John Reese has scheduled a hearing on whether to certify as a class
action the $720 million lawsuit alleging 26 seafood processors and 10
Japanese trading companies with conspiring since 1989 to fix the price of
Bristol Bay sockeye salmon. [Assoc Press]
.
Pacific Salmon Treaty. On July 10, 1996, the 10-day Southeast
Alaska commercial troll harvest of chinook salmon ended with an estimated
catch of 65,000 fish. Once the catch is more accurately determined, a
decision will be made on whether to reopen the fishery in August. Canadian
officials announced they are considering random inspections of U.S. fishing
vessels traveling between Alaska and Washington State and possible court
action against Alaska to indicate their displeasure and concern. On July 15,
1996, Canadian officials asked the Pacific Salmon Commission to establish a
technical dispute settlement board to review scientific and technical
disagreement and address chinook salmon concerns raised by the recent
agreement among U.S. states by Sept. 30, 1996. This is the first time under
this Treaty that either nation has requested such a non-binding dispute
resolution panel. In addition, Canadian officials announced that U.S.
vessels
transiting Canadian waters will be required to request clearance from the
Canadian Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans and, if clearance is granted, will be
required to stow their fishing gear while in Canadian waters. On July 19,
1996,
the WA State Dept. of Fish and Wildlife along with federal and tribal
officials
concluded successful negotiations with Canada for a one-year agreement on
catch levels for Washington-bound coho salmon and British Columbia-bound
sockeye salmon, permitting a catch of 75,000 coho salmon along the
Washington coast. Canada agreed to limit its commercial harvest of coho
salmon along the west coast of Vancouver Island to 1 million fish, while
Washington agreed to a conservative plan for a Treaty tribe harvest of 30,000
to 50,000 summer-run sockeye salmon bound for BC's Fraser River. Based
on pre-season forecasts and escapement objectives, no non-tribal commercial
fishery for Fraser River sockeye salmon will be permitted. If actual returns
are
larger than anticipated, the U.S. share of any commercial harvest will be
16.1%. On July 23, 1996, Canada's Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans
announced that new regulations on foreign fishing vessel clearance will be
enforced beginning July 29, 1996. The new regulations do not apply to U.S.
sport fishing vessels. On July 30, 1996, the Pacific Salmon Commission
reported that the Fraser River sockeye salmon return appeared slightly better
than anticipated, with about 500,000 sockeye in the early summer run
compared to an early prediction of 233,000 fish. Predictions for the total
Fraser River sockeye return have been increased from 1.6 million to 1.85
million. It will be 10 days to 2 weeks until numbers of returning sockeye
are
well enough known to determine whether any commercial harvest might be
allowed. On Aug. 1, 1996, Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game officials
announced revised catch statistics of 74,000 salmon for early July 10-day
southeast Alaska commercial troll chinook salmon fishery. [Assoc Press,
Reuters, WA Dept. of Fish and Wildlife press release, personal
communication, Canadian Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans press release]
.
MARINE FISHERIES
.
Iceland-Denmark Fishery Dispute. On Aug. 2, 1996, Denmark
requested urgent talks with Iceland to address a fishing rights dispute in
the
"grey zone" in Denmark Strait between Iceland and Greenland. Iceland has
demanded that Danish fishers cease fishing for capelin in this area.
[Reuters]
.
World Fisheries Council Formed. On July 31, 1996, world fishery
scientists meeting in Brisbane, Australia, at the Second World Fisheries
Congress founded a non-governmental World Fisheries Council, to monitor
global fisheries and recommend management measures based on best
scientific knowledge. Council information and data would be distributed
rapidly and at no cost to all nations. [Dow Jones News, Assoc Press]
.
Cozumel Pier Dispute. On Aug. 1, 1996, ministers of the
Commission for Environmental Cooperation (under the authority of the North
American Free Trade Agreement) agreed to undertake a fact-finding mission to
consider a controversial pier for cruise ships near coral reefs off Cozumel,
Mexico. This is the first such investigation by this Commission. [Reuters]
.
Canadian Atlantic Groundfish. On Aug. 1, 1996, Canada will
eliminate portions of its Atlantic Groundfish Strategy, which now exceeds its
budget by almost $370 million due to more fishers qualifying for assistance
than anticipated. Changes will included elimination of Job training and
reduction of payments to displaced fishers. Some fishing industry unions
threaten legal action to force government funding of continued programs.
[Toronto Globe & Mail via Greenwire]
.
Illegal Filipino Fishing to be Punished. On July 31, 1996,
Philippines President Fidel Ramos warned that Filipino fishers caught
illegally
fishing in adjacent Indonesian waters would be severely punished. All
commercial fishing operators would be required to contribute to a
repatriation
fund for expediting the release of detained crew and vessels, in part because
unscrupulous vessel owners were exploiting crew. [Reuters]
.
NC Fisheries Reorganization Plan. In late July 1996, the NC
Fisheries Moratorium Steering Committee released a 127-page preliminary
report including recommendations to revise NC marine fisheries management.
Recommendations included new ethics requirements for Marine Fisheries
Commission members, three-tier licensing system allowing only full time
fishers to sell harvest for profit, mandated management plans for 31 NC fish
and shellfish species by 1999 specifying controls on number of fishers, point
system for enforcement with chronic violators having equipment and vessels
seized, a marine sport fishing license, and new authority to prevent habitat
degradation. Public meetings will be held during August and September on
the fishery reorganization plan with a final report to the Legislature's
Commission on Seafood and Aquaculture due in November 1996. [Assoc
Press]
.
Irving Whale Salvage. On July 29, 1996, the Canadian Coast Guard
and salvage contractors began recovery of the Irving Whale barge from the
bottom of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, with its cargo of several thousand metric
tons of heavy oil including 7.2 metric tons of oil contaminated with
polychlorinated biphenyls. The barge sank in 1970. On July 30, 1996,
salvage workers successfully raised the sunken barge, Irving Whale, in the
Gulf of St. Lawrence with only trace leakage of oil. [Reuters, Assoc Press]
.
CDC Raw Shellfish Concerns. On July 25, 1996, the Centers for
Disease Control expressed renewed concerns that people at risk may not be
seeing or hearing warnings about raw shellfish after three Spanish-speaking
Californians died following consumption of raw oysters from the Gulf of
Mexico. [Assoc Press]
.
FSM-Korea Tuna Agreement. In mid-July 1996, the Federated States
of Micronesia (FSM) and the Korean Deep Sea Fishing Association concluded
an agreement that would allow 29 South Korean purse seiners to catch
yellowfin, skipjack, albacore, and other tunas in FSM waters. [Assoc Press]
.
Alaska-Taiwan Seafood Venture. On July 22, 1996, a group of
Taiwanese businessmen representing Central Investment Holding Co. of
Taiwan met with Alaska State officials to discuss a joint venture to develop
a
$120 million Alaska Seafood Center, to process Alaskan fish for sale
primarily
to Taiwan. The Center would be located in Anchorage. [Assoc Press]
.
Mexican Sea Turtle Sanctuaries. In mid-July 1996, Mexican officials
announced the establishment of 12 new protected beach nesting areas for sea
turtles along Mexico's Pacific coast in the state of Michoacan. [Assoc Press]
.
Sport Fishing Protest. In late July 1996, representatives from the
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) plan to attend the
International Grand Isle Tarpon Rodeo in Louisiana to promote their
anti-fishing
"Save our Schools Campaign." [Assoc Press]
.
IFQ Legal Challenge. On July 24, 1996, an attorney for the Alliance
Against IFQs announced that the Alliance had asked the 9th Circuit Court of
Appeals to reconsider their May 1996 ruling upholding an earlier District
Court
decision that the federal individual fishing quota (IFQ) system for
blackcod/sablefish and halibut in the North Pacific should not be halted.
[Assoc Press]
.
Native American Shellfish Harvesting. In late July 1996, the Tulalip
Tribe announced plans, within the next two weeks, to start digging clams on
private beaches on Hat Island, off Everett, WA. [Assoc Press]
.
EU Fishing Fleet Restructuring. On July 19, 1996, British Prime
Minister John Major announced and, on July 22, 1996, Britain began a
diplomatic initiative to reform the EU Common Fisheries Policy and counter
what Britain believes to be unfair competition through "quota hopping" from
other EU member nations, such as Spain. Britain submitted a Memorandum
containing proposals for a protocol to the Treaty of Rome to deal with
concerns for the EU's Common Fisheries Policy at the EU Intergovernmental
Conference. Spain counters that British vessels were legally purchased
along with appropriate licenses. [Reuters]
.
Chesapeake Bay. In mid-July 1996, Maryland crab industry personnel
reported that so few blue crabs were being caught that only one of four crab
picking companies were operating in the Crisfield, MD, area. [Assoc Press]
.
NASA Fisheries Study. On July 22, 1996, the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA) announced it will fund half of a $2.4
million,
3-year study to predict oceanic conditions and changes important to
fishermen off the northeastern United States. The study will be coordinated
by
the Univ. of MA-Dartmouth Center for Marine Science and Technology with
assistance from Harvard Univ. and Physical Science, Inc., Andover, MA.
[Assoc Press]
.
Sport Fishing Conviction. On July 17, 1996, a FL sport fish
charterboat captain pleaded guilty in U.S. District Court of importing
illegal
quantities of fish to the United States from the Bahamas in 1993. The Lacey
Act prohibits interjurisdictional transport of fish taken illegally.
Sentencing will
be Oct. 18, 1996. [Assoc Press]
.
Fishing Vessel Safety. On July 17, 1996, China announced a new
program to promote fishing vessel safety after 742 fishing vessels sunk and
600 fishermen died in 1995 -- a 38% increase in deaths and an almost 50%
increase in vessels lost compared to 1994. Direct 1995 losses were
calculated at $32.5 billion of which only $27,700 was compensated by
insurance. [Reuters]
.
Blue Crab Bust. On July 17, 1996, MD Natural Resources Police cited
a New Jersey man for 136 counts (136 bushels of crabs in violation) of
possession of undersize blue crabs, with fines totalling $42,540. Since Apr.
1, 1996, more than 400 citations have been issued in MD for possession of
undersize blue crabs. [Assoc Press]
.
Marine Catfish Deaths. On July 16, 1996, Auburn Univ. scientists
reported that a combination of an infectious viral disease accompanied by
gill-eating parasites was likely responsible for mass mortalities of hardhead
catfish along the Gulf of Mexico coastline. [Assoc Press]
.
Illegal Cannery Paycheck Deductions. In mid-July 1996, the Oregon
Bureau of Labor & Industries fined a temporary employment agency for alleged
excessive deductions from seafood cannery workers' paychecks for supplies
and equipment. Oregon law prohibits deductions which cause paychecks to
fall below minimum wage. [Assoc Press]
.
Halibut Case Sentencing. In mid-July 1996, U.S. District Court Judge
James Fitzgerald sentenced the president of a Juneau, Alaska, seafood
processing company and a fisherman each for five months in prison for
conspiring between 1991 and 1993 to catch, process, and sell halibut valued
at more than $20,000, and of falsifying fish ticket records to conceal their
illegal activities. [Assoc Press]
.
New Cuban Fishery Law. On July 12, 1996, Cuban officials
announced a new fishery law, Decree Law 164, revising the regulation of
fishing in Cuban waters. Priority zones are identified for commercial
fishing,
with certain open zones were sport fishing is permitted. Unauthorized
capture
of endangered species (e.g., manatees and hawksbill turtles) and important
export species (e.g., spiny lobsters and prawns) are prohibited. Sport
anglers
cannot sell their catch. [Reuters]
.
Bluefin Tuna. On July 12, 1996, the Prince Edward Island Fishermen's
Association and its Gulf-Nova Scotia counterpart voted to delay fishing for
Atlantic bluefin tuna while developing a data-monitoring proposal to the
Canadian Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans. The industry offer will be a
counter-proposal to a government plan that fishers allege is unworkable. The
government's plan was proposed after last year's logbook approach was
determined inadequate. [Assoc Press]
.
Tuna-Dolphin. On July 10, 1996, the House Committee on Resources
reported H.R. 2823 (amendments to the Marine Mammal Protection Act of
1972 to support International Dolphin Conservation Program in the eastern
tropical Pacific Ocean), with further amendments (H. Rept. 104-665, Part 1),
with referral to the House Committee on Ways and Means for a period ending
not later than July 23, 1996. On July 17, 1996, the House Committee on
Ways and Means ordered H.R. 2823 reported. On July 31, 1996, the House
voted 316-108 to approve H.R. 2823, amendments to the Marine Mammal
Protection Act of 1972 to support International Dolphin Conservation Program
in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. These amendments would repeal tuna
import sanction provisions, implement the Declaration of Panama, and allow
tuna to be labeled "dolphin-safe" as long as no dolphins were observed to
have
been killed. [Congr. Record, Reuters]
.
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END OF PART ONE -- CONTINUED WITH PART TWO
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