CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
SUMMARY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE MAMMAL NEWS
FOR MEMBERS OF CONGRESS FOR THE
MONTH OF AUGUST, 1997
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
SALMON ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST
.
{Umpqua Cutthroat Trout. On Sept. 3, 1997, the Douglas County
(OR) Board of Commissioners voted to sue the federal government for
alleged failure to use the best scientific information available in its
listing of
Umpqua River searun cutthroat trout as endangered. The Commissioners
believe the Umpqua fish are a viable population and seek to have them
removed from the List of Endangered and Threatened Species.} [Assoc
Press]
.
Tribal Sale of Steelhead. On Aug. 27, 1997, a federal judge approved
an agreement between the Oregon Fish Commission and 4 Indian tribes,
overturning a 21-year OR state regulation prohibiting non-Indians from
buying steelhead trout from tribal fishermen. [Assoc Press]
.
Snake River Sockeye. As of Aug. 12, 1997, a total of 22 sockeye had
been observed passing upstream of Lower Granite Dam, about 10-times
last year's return. It was not clear what proportion of these fish were wild
sockeye and how many were products of the NMFS captive broodstock
program. [NW Fishletter No. 41]
.
Steelhead ESA Listing. On Aug. 11, 1997, NMFS announced that 5
populations of western steelhead trout would be listed under the
Endangered Species Act -- two as endangered (upper Columbia River in
WA and southern CA) and three as threatened (Snake River Basin, central
CA coast, and southcentral CA coast). These listings will become effective
in 60 days. Decisions on listing 5 additional western steelhead populations
was deferred for 6 months to address scientific disagreement on their
status. [Assoc Press]
.
Salmon River Rafting Restrictions. On Aug. 11, 1997, managers of
the Sawtooth National Forest, ID, imposed restrictions on rafters and
kayakers floating the Salmon River. Rafters and kayakers will have to
carry their boats around certain sections of the River to avoid disturbing
spawning chinook salmon. In late August 1997, the U.S. Forest Service
closed a portion of the Salmon River to public float trips until further
notice after determining that travel restrictions through sensitive salmon
spawning areas were being ignored. Commercial float operations have
been abiding by regulations and will be allowed continued use of the River.
{In early September 1997, the U.S. Forest Service closed an additional
6-mile stretch of the upper main Salmon River in the vicinity of Stanley,
ID, to public and commercial use after spawning salmon were discovered
using this area.}[Assoc Press]
.
Secretary Babbitt on Salmon. On Aug. 10, 1997, Secretary of the
Interior Bruce Babbitt was reported to have met with official of Northwest
Indian Tribes in Portland, OR, to express frustration over the failure of
efforts to restore and recover Columbia River basin salmon stocks. While
Secretary Babbitt indicated that he would ask the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service to direct more attention to tribal concerns, tribal officials
expressed
concern with the limit on Bonneville Power Administration's salmon
recovery expenditures. [Assoc Press]
.
Fraser River Protest. During a protest fishery staged by Canadian
non-Native commercial fishermen against Canadian Indian commercial
fishermen on the Fraser River on Aug. 9, 1997, two boats were seized by
Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans enforcement officers. The event was staged
to protest what were perceived as inequitable opportunities to fish. [Assoc
Press]
.
Sacramento River Pumping Plant. On Aug. 8, 1997, ground was
broken for a $11 million pumping plant and fish screen project near Glenn,
CA, on the Sacramento River. This cooperative federal, state, and local
project will replace three existing major water diversions with one
consolidated, screened plant. [Dow Jones News]
.
Savage Rapids Dam. On Aug. 5, 1997, the Grants Pass Irrigation
District's board of trustees voted 3-1 to spend an estimated $13.5 million to
remove the Savage Rapids Dam on the Rogue River, OR and replace it
with pumps. [Assoc Press]
.
NPPC Meetings. On Aug. 5, 1997, OR Gov. John Kitzhaber's chief
salmon advisor Jim Martin told the Northwest Power Planning Council
(NPPC) that a 4-state plan to recovery salmon was necessary to avoid
continued failure in the Columbia River basin. On Aug. 6, 1997, the NPPC
was reported to have conceded that it had failed to restore Columbia Basin
salmon, and listened to recommendations by scientific staff on how to
improve the effectiveness of fishery programs funded by the Bonneville
Power Administration. On Aug. 26, 1997, the NPPC met in Spokane,
WA, to receive and consider cost estimates for removal of the four lower
Snake River dams or John Dan Dam on the Columbia River. Estimates
prepared by NPPC staff indicated that Bonneville Power Administration
would lose generating capacity and revenue but could survive. [Assoc
Press]
.
Elliott Bay Chinook Fishery. In early August 1997, Muckleshoot tribal
officials wrote the WA Dept. of Fish and Wildlife seeking additional
restrictions on the Elliott Bay chinook salmon sport fishery, claiming the
run to the Green River was 27% smaller than predicted. The tribe is
concerned that harvest of wild chinook will threaten the population
necessary to sustain the Green River run. On Aug. 11, 1997, the WA
Dept. of Fish and Wildlife excluded all sport fishing boats from Elliott Bay
until Sept. 15, 1997, to protect Green River salmon. [Assoc Press]
.
Bristol Bay Salmon Fishery. In early August 1997, AK governor Tony
Knowles asked the U.S. Dept. of State to investigate concerns that Russian
interception of U.S. salmon may be partially at fault for this year's low
return of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon. [Assoc Press]
.
Salmon/Steelhead at Bonneville Dam. On Aug. 4, 1997, Corps
officials announced that fish passage facilities had been repaired and would
be reopened on Aug. 5; few trapped fish were found. [Assoc Press]
.
AK Pink Salmon Price. On Aug. 1, 1997, a second salmon buyer in
the Kodiak area signed an agreement with the United Seiners Assoc. for a
minimum base price of $0.15 per pound for pink salmon; the first contract
was obtained on July 28. Fishermen are fishing on a rotation basis until
sufficient contracts are received to permit a completely open fishery. On
Aug. 6, 1997, Kodiak fishermen agreed to resume fishing after 3
processors agreed to a minimum price of $0.12 per pound for pink salmon.
On Aug. 7, 1997, southeast Alaska purse seine fishermen reached similar
price agreements with processors (base price of $0.12 per pound, with an
additional $0.03 per pound for refrigerated fish and a sliding scale share of
later profits), and prepared to resume fishing on Aug. 9. [Assoc Press]
.
Pacific Salmon Treaty. On Aug. 1, 1997, the AK Marine Highway
System announced its revised August schedule, with additional sailings to
and from Bellingham, WA, and deletion of ferry stops at Prince Rupert,
BC. On Aug. 4, 1997, BC fishermen held a 6-hour protest gillnet fishery in
defiance of Canadian Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) regulations.
They protested DFO's hesitance in scheduling an opportunity for BC gillnet
fishermen to catch sockeye salmon migrating to the Skeena River. DFO is
concerned that gillnet fishermen cannot be selective enough to protect
intermingled and less abundant coho salmon and steelhead trout. On Aug.
4, 1997, U.S. Commerce Secretary William Daley delivered a speech to the
Montreal Board of Trade, commenting that the AK ferry blockade may
have changed attitudes sufficiently to cause progress in achieving a
negotiated agreement. On Aug. 5, 1997, Canada's Defense Minister Art
Eggleton announced that the Canadian federal government will not allow
BC Premier Glen Clark to cancel a U.S. Navy lease for marine weapons
testing at Nanoose Bay, BC. On Aug. 5, 1997, in Ottawa, U.S. Commerce
Secretary William Daley said that his Aug. 4 remarks in Montreal had been
"somewhat misinterpreted" and that the AK ferry blockade was an illegal
act that did nothing to help resolve the salmon conflict. In early August
1997, catch statistics for Fraser River sockeye salmon indicated that
Canadian fishermen had taken 86% of the harvest compared to 14% for
U.S. fishermen. On Aug. 11, 1997, Canada opened its "Canada First"
fishery for Fraser River sockeye, seeking to harvest these fish to reduce
their numbers before they migrate so as to become available to WA
state fishermen. The Canada First fishery continued through August 13.
On Aug. 11, about 300 seiners, 400 gillnetters, and 300 trollers harvested
about C$8 million worth of salmon. On Aug. 13, 1997, the Canadian Auto
Workers (CAW) union scheduled a protest march to the U.S. Consulate in
Vancouver, BC, to demonstrate support for maintaining Canada's salmon
and the jobs of CAW members in the fishery. On Aug. 22, 1997, AK
lawyers sent letters to 70 companies that own fishing vessels involved in
the AK ferry blockade, advising them that they would be subject to arrest
and their vessels seized unless they posted a security deposit (bond) by
Sept. 15, 1997. Another 20 vessel owners were to be served in person.
{On Aug. 28, 1997, more than 70 Canadian salmon trollers from the west
coast of Vancouver Island left their fishing area to fish without hooks
illegally in Johnstone Strait to protest their lack of access to sockeye
salmon that are migrating through the Inside Passage this year to avoid
warmer ocean waters. Although the Canadian Dept. of Fisheries and
Oceans (DFO) issued citations to protesters, fishermen were later
instructed to tear up their tickets as a conciliatory gesture from the
DFO. In early September 1997, Canadian officials indicated the "Canada
First" fishing strategy had been successful so far, with Canadian
commercial fishing harvesting more than 7 million Fraser River sockeye
salmon while U.S. commercial fishermen caught less than 1 million. Rather
than the 21% of the Fraser River sockeye desired by the United States,
U.S. fishermen have taken about 13%.} The House Resources
Subcommittee on Fisheries Conservation, Wildlife, and Oceans has
tentatively scheduled an oversight hearing on U.S.-Canada Pacific Salmon
Treaty negotiations for Sept. 18, 1997. [personal communication, Canadian
Auto Workers press release, Assoc Press, Reuters, Dow Jones News, Wall
Street Journal, United Press International]
.
AQUACULTURE AND AQUARIA
.
New Bedford Aquarium. On Aug. 26, 1997, MA acting Governor Paul
Cellucci and southern MA officials announced a plan to build a $97 million
aquarium on the New Bedford waterfront. [Assoc Press]
.
BC Salmon Aquaculture Report. On Aug. 26, 1997, British
Columbia's Environmental Assessment Office released its 1,800-page
Salmon Aquaculture Review, concluding after 12 months' study that
salmon aquaculture presents a low overall risk to the environment and
could proceed with caution. The report also concluded that much needs to
be done before more salmon farms are permitted. A total of 49 report
recommendations would streamline the regulatory environment to make the
BC industry more competitive in the world market, and call for studies of
how escaped netpen salmon interact with wild salmon, how to control
disease, and the effects of netpen waste on water and the seafloor. The
report also recommends more stringent guidelines for culling seals that take
salmon from netpens. [BC Salmon Farmers Assoc press release, Assoc
Press]
.
{{Thai Shrimp Devastation. On Aug. 22, 1997, heavy tropical storms
began drenching 10 southern provinces of Thailand causing extensive
flooding, and wiping out thousands of shrimp ponds.}} [Reuters]
.
Panama Mouthbreeder Project. On Aug. 11, 1997, an official of
Taiwan's Council of Agriculture announced that Taiwan would invest $17
million in raising mouthbreeders in Panama for export to the U.S. market.
[Taiwan Central News via Foreign Broadcast Information Service]
.
Salmon Pigment Lawsuit. {On Aug. 5, 1997,} Igene Biotechnology
Inc. (Columbia, MD) filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court against
Archer-Daniels-Midland Co. (ADM, Decatur, IL), alleging that ADM
never paid for collaborative work and stole secrets, valued at $100 million,
about a unique Igene process for producing astaxanthin, a natural pigment
additive that gives farm-raised salmon pinker flesh. [Dow Jones News,
Wall Street Journal,Reuters]
.
FRESHWATER FISHERIES
.
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Hearing. The House
Resources Subcommittee on Fisheries Conservation, Wildlife, and Oceans
has tentatively scheduled a hearing on H.R. 2376, a bill to reauthorize and
amend the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Establishment Act for
Sept. 25, 1997. [personal communication]
.
Chippewa Treaty Fishing Rights. On Aug. 26, 1997, the 8th U.S.
Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a lower court decision and ruled that 8
Chippewa bands retain the right to hunt and fish without state regulation in
east-central Minnesota. MN Governor Arne Carlson announced that the
state of MN would appeal the ruling. However, the Chippewa insist on
fishing under the court decision rather than waiting for decision on a likely
appeal by the state. {{On Sept. 4, 1997, the Mille Lacs Band formally
asked the 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals to lift a hold on the exercise of
its treaty fishing rights pending the outcome of a state appeal.}} [Assoc
Press, Reuters]
.
Nebraska State Fish. On Aug. 26, 1997, NE Governor Ben Nelson
announced that the channel catfish had been designated as the official NE
state fish. [Assoc Press]
.
Great Lakes Tribal Fishery. On Aug. 8, 1997, the Grand Traverse
Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians passed regulations allowing 90,000
pounds of salmon to be harvested from Grand Traverse Bay, MI.
However, MI state and sport fishing interests contend that this is contrary
to a 1985 court agreement as modified by a 1996 court ruling. The state is
reported to be preparing to ask the U.S. District Court for an injunction to
limit the fishery. On Aug. 27, 1997, U.S. District Court Judge Richard
Enslen ruled that the state's request for a ruling would be combined with a
December 1997 trial on another fishing issue. {{On Sept. 4, 1997, Judge
Enslen ruled that the Grand Traverse Band could take as much as 80,000
pounds of salmon from Grand Traverse Bay, denied a request by the MI
Dept. of Natural Resources that would have required the Band to removed
its fishing nets from the Bay, and ordered that nets be submerged 8 feet
below the water surface for safety reasons.}} [Assoc Press]
.
Whirling Disease. MT's Fish, Wildlife, and Parks Commission
anticipated receiving a detailed report from its Whirling Disease Task
Force on Aug. 8, 1997, and was to consider Task Force recommendations.
[Assoc Press]
.
BASS Inc. Lawsuit. On Aug. 5, 1997, U.S. District Judge Ira DeMent
refused to dismiss a 1992 lawsuit, alleging that the Bass Angler Sportsman
Society Inc. and its founder illegally profited from member payments after
incorporating the entity in 1969. [Assoc Press]
.
Pfiesteria? On Aug. 1-3, 1997, about 70 scientists and government
officials met at Salisbury State Univ., Salisbury, MD, to discuss how the
State of MD was addressing concerns about fish lesions and possible
human health implications from Pfiesteria toxins in the Pocomoke River
area. On Aug. 6, 1997, between 2,000 and 10,000 fish (menhaden, spot,
croaker, and rockfish) and blue crabs were observed to have been killed in
the lower Pocomoke River, MD. In response, MD Gov. Paris Glendening
issued an advisory warning individuals to avoid contact with water in a
3-mile stretch of the River until Aug. 8, 1997. Somerset County health
officials reported that 10 people have reported health problems including
lesions they believe came from contact with Pocomoke River water. On
Aug. 7, 1997, Somerset County officials expanded the closed area to a
5-mile stretch of the lower River for an indefinite period, as the fish kill
continued. On Aug. 8, 1997, researchers identified Pfiesteria in about half
the samples collected from the Pocomoke River, MD. On Aug. 10, 1997,
the fish kill on the lower Pocomoke River, MD, ended after killing an
estimated 10,000 to 15,000 fish. On Aug. 10, 1997, both U.S. Senators
from MD jointly asked the Centers for Disease Control and the National
Institutes of Health to investigate whether the fish kill was related to
illness
experienced by 8 Pocomoke fishermen. Runoff from chicken farms and
other development in the Pocomoke River basin is being investigated for
its potential in triggering the fish kill. On Aug. 13, 1997, the closed
stretch
of the Pocomoke River was to be reopened to public use. In mid-August
1997, VA watermen reported lesion-bearing fish on the VA side of the
Pocomoke estuary. On Aug. 26, 1997, the MD House Committee on
Environmental Matters was scheduled to hold a hearing on problems on the
lower Pocomoke River. On Aug. 26, 1997, about 2,000 menhaden with
lesions were found in VA waters of Pocomoke Sound. {On Aug. 29,
1997, MD and VA officials closed a 7-mile stretch of the lower Pocomoke
River indefinitely to fishing, swimming, and recreational boating to limit
human exposure to Pfiesteria toxin that medical researchers from Johns
Hopkins Hospital and the Univ. of MD Medical Center believe has caused
illness in at least 7 people. Five individuals were observed to have
noticeable changes in brain tissue. On Sept. 2, 1997, a scientific advisory
committee was scheduled to meet in Annapolis, MD to examine data from
the Pocomoke River. On Sept. 2, 1997, the NC Dept. of Health and
Human Services announced that it would establish a medical team from NC
medical universities to evaluate NC residents who have been exposed to
waters associated with fish kills in the Neuse River and other areas. In
early September 1997, scientists from the FL Div. of Marine Resources
announced that samples tested from the Pocomoke Rivercontained a new
species of Gymnodinium dinoflagellate rather than Pfiesteria. On Sept. 3,
1997, a third, small fish kill was detected on the lower Pocomoke River,
within the already-closed area.} {{On Sept. 4, 1997, VA scientists netted
small numbers of live menhaden with lesions in VA waters of Pocomoke
Sound. On Sept. 5, 1997, officials of the MD Dept. of Natural Resources
announced that the State plans to reimburse crabbers for losses sustained
during the late August closure of the Pocomoke River.}} [Assoc Press]
.
MARINE MAMMALS
.
{{Round Island Subsistence Walrus Hunt. On Sept. 20, 1997, the
Qayssiq (Round Island) Walrus Commission will open a month-long
subsistence walrus hunt on Round Island in Bristol Bay, AK, with approval
from the AK Dept. of Fish and Game. The quota was doubled this year to
20 animals.}} [Assoc Press]
.
{{Canadian Sealing. On Sept. 4, 1997, the International Fund for
Animal Welfare (IFAW) released the results of an Angus Reid Group poll
on Canadian opinions on sealing and announced a nationwide Canadian
campaign to mobilize public opinion against commercial seal hunting. The
survey was reported to show that 85% of Canadians support full protection
for young seals and that 75% (including 54% of those surveyed in
Newfoundland) oppose federal subsidization of sealing. About 41% of all
Canadians surveyed did not know that commercial seal hunting occurred in
Canada.}} [IFAW press release]
.
{1997 Norwegian Seal Hunt. In early September 1997, the Norwegian
company that buys seal skins reported that the total 1997 harvest was
about 9,820 seals from the total quota of 27,100 seals -- almost 7,000
fewer seals than were harvested in 1996. Only two vessels hunted seals in
the vicinity of Jan Mayen and in the White Sea, taking about 2,780 hooded
seal pups, 1,950 weaned harp seal pup, about 90 adult hooded seals, and
about 5,000 adult harp seals.} [High North Alliance Web News]
.
Greenpeace Challenges ARCO Drilling. In mid-August 1997,
Greenpeace asked the U.S. District Court to prevent Atlantic Richfield Co.
(ARCO) from setting up a new drill site at its Warthog prospect in the
Beaufort Sea off Alaska, claiming the activity would disturb polar bears,
seals, and whales. On Aug. 21, 1997, U.S. District Court Judge Paul
Friedman ruled that ARCO did not need to have a marine mammal permit
issued before setting up its new drill site since ARCO was assuming the
risk of penalty if marine mammals were actually disturbed. ARCO applied
for a marine mammal permit in May 1997, but NMFS has not yet issued
the permit. [Reuters]
.
Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan. On Aug. 15, 1997, NMFS
announced that it was seeking comment on a proposed comprehensive take
reduction plan to reduce harbor porpoise serious injury and mortality by
the New England sink gillnet fishery. The proposed plan is estimated to
reduce mortality and serious injury by 80%. Comments are to be received
through Oct. 14, 1997. [NOAA press release]
.
Illegal Whalemeat? On Aug. 9, 1997, officials of the International
Fund for Animal Welfare reported that a spring 1997 study by researchers
from Auckland Univ, New Zealand, of whalemeat on sale in Japan used
DNA analysis to identify meat from humpback, finback, and orca whales on
the market. Killing of humpback and finback whales currently is not
permitted by the International Whaling Commission; however, Japanese
officials suggest that meat from these species probably came from frozen
inventories of whalemeat taken before the IWC's moratorium on
commercial whaling went into effect. [Dow Jones News, Assoc Press]
.
Porpoise Entanglement. In the Aug. 7, 1997 issue of Nature, U.S.
scientists reported the successful results of 1994 tests of acoustic alarms
on
sink gillnets in the Gulf of Maine. While 2 porpoises became entangled in
nets fitted with alarms, 25 porpoises were caught in nets carrying similar
but silent devices. Cod and pollock catch was unaffected by the alarms,
but herring appeared to avoid nets with the alarms. [Reuters]
.
Tuna-Dolphin Legislation. On July 30, 1997, the U.S. Senate voted
99-0 to pass H.R. 408, incorporating compromise amendments to the
International Dolphin Conservation Program. This measure would end
import sanctions on non-dolphin-safe tuna; it could allow tuna caught in
purse seines where no dolphins are killed or seriously injured to be labeled
"dolphin-safe" if research cannot prove by March 1999 that dolphins suffer
long-term adverse effects from being chased, herded, and surrounded by
purse seines. On July 31, 1997, the U.S. House unanimously agreed to
accept the Senate-amended H.R. 408, and this measure was sent to the
President. On Aug. 15, 1997, President Clinton signed this measure as
Pub.L. 105-42. [Reuters, Congr. Record, Assoc Press, Dow Jones News,
Center for Marine Conservation press release, Defenders of Wildlife press
release]
.
Sea Otter Contaminants. An article by Univ. of CA Santa Cruz
scientists in the July 1997 issue of the Marine Pollution Bulletin was
reported to note that sea otters from Adak in Alaska's remote Aleutian
Islands were discovered to have higher levels of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) in their livers than did sea otters taken from the coast of
California.
PCB contamination may have arisen from leakage at former military sites.
Additional research was scheduled to test halibut and Pacific cod. [Assoc
Press]
======================================================
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This newsletter is intended to be a summary of information related to
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